During midstance, the external hip moment includes extension and what frontal plane tendency?

During midstance, the external hip moment includes extension and what frontal plane tendency?

• A. Abduction
• B. Internal rotation
• C. Adduction/pelvic drop
• D. Plantarflexion

Answer: (C)

During midstance the hip bears the body's weight as the leg stays under the trunk. The external forces acting through the leg create a torque about the hip that tends to extend the hip in the sagittal plane. At the same time, in the frontal plane the loading tends to pull the thigh toward the midline, producing an adduction moment. To keep the pelvis level, the stance-side hip abductors would need to counteract this; if they don’t fully counteract, the pelvis on the opposite side tends to drop. So the external hip moment during midstance includes an extension component and an adduction/pelvic-drop tendency.

During midstance the hip bears the body's weight as the leg stays under the trunk. The external forces acting through the leg create a torque about the hip that tends to extend the hip in the sagittal plane. At the same time, in the frontal plane the loading tends to pull the thigh toward the midline, producing an adduction moment. To keep the pelvis level, the stance-side hip abductors would need to counteract this; if they don’t fully counteract, the pelvis on the opposite side tends to drop. So the external hip moment during midstance includes an extension component and an adduction/pelvic-drop tendency.