In swing phase hip torque, the net torque may be hip flexion even if what is also active?

In swing phase hip torque, the net torque may be hip flexion even if what is also active?

• A. Ankle dorsiflexors
• B. Toe extensors
• C. Knee extensors
• D. Hip extensors

Answer: (D)

The main idea is that the net moment at a joint is the sum of all torques acting across that joint. In swing phase, hip flexors generate a flexion moment to advance the leg, while hip extensors can be active at the same time for control or stability. If the flexors produce a larger moment than the extensors, the resulting net hip torque will be flexion—even though the extensors are active. The other muscles listed (ankle dorsiflexors, toe extensors, knee extensors) affect other joints or parts of the limb, and don’t dictate the hip’s net torque in this swing-phase context.

The main idea is that the net moment at a joint is the sum of all torques acting across that joint. In swing phase, hip flexors generate a flexion moment to advance the leg, while hip extensors can be active at the same time for control or stability. If the flexors produce a larger moment than the extensors, the resulting net hip torque will be flexion—even though the extensors are active. The other muscles listed (ankle dorsiflexors, toe extensors, knee extensors) affect other joints or parts of the limb, and don’t dictate the hip’s net torque in this swing-phase context.